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Northern Song Dynasty 1st & 2nd Commissioned Royal Ru Wares

From The Royal Ru Kiln

Authenticating Closeup,

(Northern Song Dynasty 1st Ru Kiln Tribute Ru Wares)

Chinese Ancient fine art at 1st Ru Kiln Imperial Tribute wares are the finest wares they were producing at that time and they gifted these wares to Emperor Huizong

of the Northern Song Dynasty.

Authenticating Closeup,

Most Important Chinese Art In the World !

(Emperor Huizong's Royal Ru Kiln Porcelain Collection)

Chinese Fine Art Qing & Ming Dynasties Comparable Masterpieces

Chinese Painting Style Comparable Qing & Ming Dynasties Masterpieces. Masterpieces that were sold at auction from 2010 to 2017 and masterpieces from Chinesemasterpieces.com See these great pieces and compare

YOU DECIDE : Chinese Art Dealer Peter Combs BidAmount.com # 1 Corrupt Crony Dealer on Internet ?

Sadly Peter Combs is a man that may or may not know the truth of what he's doing.

I just have to move forward and continue to try to inform collectors that there are real problems in the art markets and especially when it comes to those who are in the business of advising other collectors. Yes Peter apparently has been using his authentic bronze piece he shows, to tell collectors that their pieces are fakes, he tried to do that with me now he knows the truth, and if he was honest he would have corrected his lies about me and my website. Botryoidal Malachite formations can't be faked. Peter doesn't sell high end pieces he wants novice collectors to continue buying the provincial pieces he sells and continuing to pay him for the information he's touting.

Northern Song Dynasty Ding Kiln White Ware

Imperial Kundika Vessel

has attached flowers around on the body and has ivory colored transparent glaze over a white stoneware body that shows tear streaks in the glaze, also has fire gilded bands around head and base that are layered with reddish Cuprite and greenish Malachite corrosion where the gilding has worn, this proves its age and is more reliable than a TL test and used by all experts to authenticate artifacts. The Vessel is not marked and is likely a tribute piece because of the

fire gilded bands. Measures approx

Updated TOTALLY DISHONEST BONHAMS CHINESE ART APPRAISAL

IN NEW YORK CITY

This is an update to the video that was done in 2013 this video proves BONHAM"S Senior Specialist lied about all the pieces that were before him and this is business as usual for all the major auctions throughout the world Today. The Bonhams company tried to intimidate me with legal threats to take it down, I won't take down his lies.)"As per the attached Cease and Desist letter, we hereby demand the immediate removal of the following misleading and defamatory video recording posted by you on YouTube: A hard copy of this letter will follow by FedEx. We trust your actions will be guided accordingly, or Bonhams will be forced to pursue all available rights, remedies and defenses at law and equity relating to this matter.

Authenticating

Five Great Kilns Of The Chinese Song Dynasty,

Sotheby’s VS Chinese Masterpieces

I show you fine art comparables of the Five Great Kilns of the Song Dynasty wares Sotheby's sold from 2010 to 2116 and

fine pieces from my collection so you can see the Auction are not offering the finest pieces and hiding the true capabilities of these great kilns.

Authenticating

$27,000,000. Sotheby's Chinese N. Song Dynasty Ru-Ware FRAUD

Sotheby's Sold in Hong Kong a Ru Ware Brush Washer April 4th 2012 for $27,000,000.This is a Fraud and they

should return the money. You will see there all Imperial Ru Ware that Emperor Huizong commissioned

The Ru Kiln to produce for himself and his court.

Authenticating

Chinese Southern Song Dynasty Imperial Guan Ware

Authenticating

Chinese Ming Dynasty Imperial Chenghua B/W and Doucai Wares

Authenticating Chinese Painting Style On Ming Dynasty Imperial Chenghua Blue & White and

Doucai Wares Will Show Several of the Finest Chenghua Masterpieces ever published.

Authenticating Chinese Ming Dynasty Imperial Xuande

Blue & White Wares Authenticating Chinese Painting style on Ming Dynasty Imperial Xuande Blue & White

Wares Masterpieces of the Xuande Period.

Authenticating

Chinese Ancient and Archaic Nephrite Jade Carvings

Chinese Art Imperial Northern Song Dynasty 1st Commissioned

Ru Ware and Tribute ware
Authenticating Chinese Imperial Northern Song Dynasty Ru Ware.Chinese Imperial Song Dynasty Ru Wares are the most Important, Collectable and Valuable ceramics China has ever produce. These wares were the first wares to be

commissioned by the Emperor to be used exclusively by Himself and his Court in China's history.

Colors of Chinese Imperial Song Dynasty Ru Ware

Chinese Imperial Song Dynasty Ru Wares are the most Important, Collectable and Valuable ceramics China has

ever produce. These wares were the first wares to be commissioned by the Emperor to be used

exclusively by Himself and his Court in China's history.

Finest,

GuanYao Vase the official ware made for the Imperial

court of the Southern Song Dynasty

This Beautiful masterpiece Guan Yao S. Song Dynasty Vase above has a thick bluish green glaze that was achieved by putting on several applications of glaze and successive firings. This thick coat of glaze rounded off any sharp angles of the form. The form is well balanced clearly done by a master potter. The body is very finely potted and thinner than the glaze, you can see this on the base were the glaze is pooling. The Vase has the official government mark on the base. Xiu Nei Si refers to the Department of palace supply, under the relocated Northern Song Administration, which was driven south to Hangzhou in 1127A.D.

Measures approx. 9" tall. ppjrs

Important,

Qing Dynasty mark & period Yongzheng Pair of

Falangcai Enamels Vases

These Exquisite Masterpieces Falangcai Famille Rose Vases are very thinly potted and they were decorated in the Forbidden City in Beijing during the Yongzheng period 1723 to 1735. These vases were painted using Falangcai enamels the Emperor himself oversaw the manufacture of these wares. It took tremendous skill and control to create these Vases Zoom in on the leaves, flowers, and branches to see the detail, colors, and shading that gives balance and depth to these Vases. The Birds are only 1/2” wide and took well over 1000 tiny strokes to complete using a single hair brush. On the reverse there is a inscribed poem with three seals and the base has the Yongzheng mark that was added by the Beijing decorators in blue enamel, and the mark lines up with the poem which is typical in Yongzheng wares. measure approx. 8 3/8 inches Tall.

Southern Song Dynasty Ge Kiln Ge Ware Pair Of Large

Vases With Handles

These spectacular Ge Vases are the finest Ge wares ever published. The Chinese people have always described the finest Ge wares as having color similar to wheat and having a purple mouth where the glaze thins around the mouth giving that area a slight ting of purple on the rim. Also they describe Ge ware as having an iron foot that can be seen on the foot ring because they used a very dark brown clay , They describe the crackle as iron wire and golden thread crackle. The Ge Kiln is known as the elder brothers kiln during the Southern Song and possibly into Yuan Dynasties. They have tried to duplicate these wares throughout China's history and never were able to get them even close to the real Ge wares. These vases were likely tribute ware because of their excellence and beauty.

They measures approx. 13 7/8" tall. ppjrs

Authenticating,

Another $38,000,000, Sotheby's Chinese N. Song Dynasty Ru Ware FRAUD

Sotheby's Sold in Hong Kong a Ru Ware Brush Washer October 3rd 2017 for $38,000,000.This is a Fraud and

they should return the money. You will see the real Imperial Ru Ware that Emperor Huizong

commissioned The Ru Kiln to produce for himself and his court.

Navigate Chinese Masterpieces Site Just Select Pages Below

100% Authentic N. Song Dynasty Official Imperial Royal Ru Kiln Porcelain Collection

there is no collection in the world that has more proof of Authenticity

I started collecting in the 70s and in the 90s I began to put together a very fine collection from private Chinese sources that risk severe persecution just owning their collections that were passed down by their ancestors that were in power long before the Communist. This Is The Official Commissioned Imperial Royal Ru Kiln Collection From The Northern Song Dynasty Emperor Huizong's Collection

They're part of the hoard of 300+ unique pieces from the Collection of

Emperor Huizong of N.Song Dynasty. There is nothing in the world that can compare to the importance of this collection, many of these forms have never been seen before, the condition of this collection is exquisite. It's 100% authentic and easy to prove because of the cuprite and malachite corrosion that took about 900 years to develop on the fire gilded copper bands and everyone can see this easily with your own eyes, also the crushed agate in the glaze that can be seen with a 20x loupe. Ru ware is all over the internet and the auction houses are still telling people that they're all fakes, this is just more lies. Only Commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru wares are Rare and they're not all over the internet and no Royal Imperial Ru wares have ever been sold at any auctions. If anyone has any doubt it would be totally impossible for any Kiln in China today to produce over 300+ wares such as these masterpieces! There's only one Kiln in the history of China that could achieve this, that was Royal Ru Kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty and Emperor Huizong. These 2nd commissioned wares the foot rings are unglazed and they were fired flat in the kiln, and this Cong Vase shown below has fire gilded over copper bands that are corroded with cuprite and malachite. It's 100% authentic and easy to prove because of the cuprite and malachite corrosion that took about 900 years to develop on the fire gilded copper bands and everyone can see this easily with your own eyes also the crushed agate in the glaze can be seen with a 20x loupe! You don't have to be an expert to understand this. All 2nd commissioned wares are not marked. The 2nd commissioned wares have an off white biscuit that turns brownish after firing, the wares have a very rich beautiful smooth glaze without any crackle, extremely rare wares have fire gilded over copper bands, This Cong Vase is the finest Vase from the hoard of Chinese Emperor Huizong Of The Northern Song Dynasty 1082 to 1135 Collection.

LOOK AND READ CAREFULLY BELOW

Below is a row of closeups photos to show you the Cuprite and Malachite corrosion on the RU WARE Copper Fire gilded Bands. (Fire gilding with gold and mercury, the mercury metal being driven off afterward by fire. This type of gilding hasn't been used since the mid 1800 because it is very dangerous)This patina took about 900 years to develop on these bands and this can't be faked. (From the book Copper and bronze in art by David Scott) (chapter 3 page 106 Malachite in bronze patinas) (The natural transition of metal to cuprite to malachite is very difficult to replicate in the laboratory. In fact, most of the recipes for producing artificial green patinas on copper alloys, such as those compiled by Hughes and Rowe (1982), do not result in malachite formation over a cuprite layer. Consequently, the existence of this type of corrosion, supported by analytical and metallographic studies, is a good indication of the authenticity of an artifact.) Also microscopic photos of the RU WARE glaze which you can see the tiny reflective specs of crushed agate that was used in the glaze. The reflective agate specs can also be seen when using a 20x loupe, only Commissioned Imperial Ru Wares have crushed agate in the glaze. The pieces that have been sold by the corrupt Auction companies will not show crush agate in there glaze because they never used agate in Merchant wares. Only Official Commissioned Royal Imperial Ru wares used Rare Blue Crushed Agate in the glaze. The finest Merchant wares have fire gilded copper bands these were given as tribute to the Emperor. Most Merchant wares were sold to the wealthy merchants. The Merchant pieces that were flawed were sold very cheap to the population and Merchant wares that were extremely flawed were destroyed. When Emperor Huizong commissioned the Ru Kiln, he worked with the Ru kiln to setup the site and designed wares for himself and his court and made them his official Royal Kiln. He wanted them to use Rare Blue Agate in the glaze in all his Commissioned wares. The Commissioned wares are generally larger then what the Ru Kiln had been producing, also they have there own distinct styles, forms, and glazes that many have not been seen even until today. They have found the Ru kiln site where they made the Merchant wares before Emperor Huizong commissioned them.

They haven't found Emperor Huizong's Official Royal Ru kiln site yet.

CLICK ON PHOTOS TO ENLARGE

הצג עוד

Below are 48 examples of Official Imperial Royal Ru Wares and Tribute Ru Ware Vases

Contact me for Price

Understanding "Botryoidal Malachite" Patina

Formation of Fanlike Crystal Needles
Most crystals simply begin to grow using available molecules. This results in discrete crystals whose sizes depend on available material. But malachite is different. It seldom forms discrete crystals of good size. Instead, scientists say, developing malachite crystals “split”, diverging into tiny needles, packed together in a fanlike arrangement.
The fanlike malachite needles grow into tightly bonded spherules, which crowd together and bond, forming a solid mass. When the spherules stop growing and terminate, the top surface is rounded to some degree. The terms “botryoidal” (resembling a cluster of grapes) and “reniform” (kidney-shaped) are used to describe large to small undulating masses of spherules.

Author Bob Jones Holds the Carnegie Mineralogical Award, is a member of the Rockhound Hall of Fame, and has been writing for Rock & Gem since its inception. He lectures about minerals, and has written several books and video scripts.

Closely see the tiny round Botryoidal Malachite on the coin

This is a Microscopic photo of one of the Ru Ware Fire Gilded Copper Bands, shows the "Botryoidal Malachite Patina over the reddish Cuprite."This can not be Faked. (From the book Copper and bronze in art by David Scott) (chapter 3 page 106 Malachite in bronze patinas) (The natural transition of metal to cuprite to malachite is very difficult to replicate in the laboratory. In fact, most of the recipes for producing artificial green patinas on copper alloys, such as those compiled by Hughes and Rowe (1982), do not result in malachite formation over a cuprite layer. Consequently, the existence of this type of corrosion, supported by analytical and metallographic studies, is a good indication of the authenticity of an artifact.)

הצג עוד

WATCH

Click On Video Clip Proves Botryoidal Malachite Can't Be Faked! No one has ever faked this Botryoidal malachite patina only happens in nature. This Guaranties Authenticity Of This Imperial Royal Ru Ware Collection

Priceless Past WWW.pricelesspast.com

Link to Full Video https://youtu.be/5O-l6vY0dnc?si=FsHEJdKox0a1p0bH

Royal Imperial Ru Ware that Emperor Huizong of Song, Commissioned and Collected

During the Northern Song Dynasty Explained

Facts that were written about the Ru Kiln and Emperor Huizong in ancient writings that describe Royal Imperial Ru wares.

Emperor Huizong reigned supreme from 1100 to 1126 Emperor Huizong abdicated His throne to his son. He was known for his promotion of Taoism and talents in poetry, painting, calligraphy and music. The Jin armies were closing in and eventually took over his Song Empire and he was captured 1127 and he died in captivity in 1135, from the wealthiest man in the world to a broken man. His vast collections were gather up and stored in large wooden crates and passed down through the centuries. Since China has opened up in the 90s many old collections have reached the market place. My Royal Imperial Ru ware collection comes from Huizong's collection.

During Emperor Huizong reign he decided to commission the Ru Kiln to produce wares for himself and his court because they were giving the finest Imperial tribute wares to him out of all the kilns. The Ru Kiln Imperial tribute wares that were given to Emperor Huizong was the finest wares the Ru Kiln was producing at that time, they don't have flaws and to make them really special they used several colors and added fire gilded bands on the rim and sometimes the base also. (Fire gilding with gold and mercury, the mercury metal being driven off afterward by fire. This type of gilding hasn't been used since the mid 1800 because it's very dangerous ) on the rim and sometimes the base also. All tribute wares have the fire gilded bands that are around the rim and base and sometimes only the rim. These bands have extensive layered cuprite and malachite corrosion that only occurs in nature and can't be faked. (From the book Copper and bronze in art by David Scott) (chapter 3 page 106 Malachite in bronze patinas) The natural transition of metal to cuprite to malachite is very difficult to replicate in the laboratory. In fact, most of the recipes for producing artificial green patinas on copper alloys, such as those compiled by Hughes and Rowe (1982), do not result in malachite formation over a cuprite layer. Consequently, the existence of this type of corrosion, supported by analytical and metallographic studies, is a good indication of the authenticity of an artifact.) This started some of the other kilns to add fire gilded bands on their Imperial tribute wares also.

Before the Ru Kiln was the actual Emperor's Official Imperial kiln they were producing wares that were quite small and have sporadic crackle and were fired on stilts leaving spur marks on the base. None of these wares have crushed agate in the glaze and often these wares had flaws. The severely flawed wares were destroyed, the wares that had severe firing flaws were sold to the population for a very cheap price, These are the same wares that are being sold by Sotheby's and Christie's, and often found in Museums that have Ru ware collections. The better wares were sold to the wealthy merchants and were quite expensive. The finest wares were given as tribute to the Emperor Huizong, he had been receiving all these flamboyant wares from all the kilns. Emperor Huizong decided to commission the Ru Kiln and make them the first official Imperial Kiln in China, to create wares that would be the 1st Official Imperial wares used exclusively for himself and his court in China's history. He wanted the wares to look similar to wares from past history they had to be Celadon color and look like they were carved from jade similar color to the Koryo wares from Korea. He didn't want the wares to have spur marks after he saw the prototypes, they started firing the wares flat in the kiln with unglazed foot rings. Emperor Huizong wanted them to use Rare Blue Crushed Agate in the glaze, crushed agate has only been used in Official Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. The 1st commissioned wares the biscuit has a grayish color that turns brown after firing some of the wares have marks scratched in the base most say Feng Hua among other marks, and they all have a cracked ice crackle. Rare Blue Crushed Agate has only been used in Official Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. He wanted these wares to be larger than the Ru kiln tribute wares and very modest with simplistic refined forms often they used Trumpet formed mouths, All of these Royal Imperial 1st commissioned wares were used for the Emperor and his court only regardless of any flaws that occur in the firing process.

The Ru Kiln was now the official Imperial kiln and they focused on making Imperial wares only for the Emperor and his court. Emperor Huizong saw real beauty in these wares in spite of them often being flawed and simplistic because each piece had its own character like human beings he saw beauty. Eventually some of his Imperial advisors wanted more beautiful wares, so Emperor Huizong decided also to have the Ru Kiln produce the finest Celadon wares China has ever produce for himself and the court. The 2nd Official Royal Imperial wares Huizong commissioned are not modest they are very elegant, luxurious and beautiful with very rich glaze and the finest Celadon wares China has ever produced. These wares are all celadon in color with different tones and they also used Rare Blue Crushed Agate in the glaze in all these wares. They have very rich celadon glaze and Rare Blue Crushed Agate was included and there is no crackle in the glaze except for silver banded wares have a few lines, the forms are very exquisite, the foot rings are unglazed they were fired flat in the kiln, the biscuit is off white and turns brownish after firing, they sometimes used fire gilded copper bands on the rim and base on some special wares, they also used silver bands on the rim only on special wares that used a darkest celadon glaze these have a few lines of crackle. All 2nd commissioned official imperial wares are not marked.

All the Ru Ware that was produced before they became the official Royal Imperial kiln doesn't have agate in the glaze. All the Auction houses and Museums claim they used crushed agate in the glaze in all the Ru ware they have recorded and the say it can't be seen because it melted in the firing process, this is a totally false narrative. All the Ru ware they have recorded is not the official Imperial Ru ware that Emperor Huizong commissioned the Ru Kiln to produce for him and his court its all flawed Merchant wares. Agate melts at 1600C to 2600C degrees and the Song dynasty kilns temperature only reached 1250C degrees at best, so this is a fallacy that the crushed agate melted in the glaze, They never used agate in any merchant wares also it would be very difficult to crush agate into a complete powder this is why you can clearly see traces of the agate in the glaze using a 20x loupe or better in all official Royal Imperial commissioned Ru Wares.

I've collected this hoard of Ru/Ju wares and these wares have been hidden away since the fall on the Northern Song Dynasty and the Qianlong Emperor did not have the ability to collect such pieces, the pieces he collected were from flawed pieces that were sold to the population and the wealthy merchant class pieces the Ru Kiln was producing before they became the Official Imperial Kiln. The merchant Wares that were collected by the Qianlong Emperor during the Qing Dynasty are all that was known to exist at that time. Until collectors from the 20th century started collecting mostly flawed population Ru ware. Since the 1990s China has opened up to the world and many fine pieces and collection that were hidden have reached the market place. I realize this will clear up some of the questions about the Ru/Ju Kiln wares and Emperor Huizong reign. For many years everyone had to rely on the pieces that are from the Qianlong Emperor's collection, those pieces are very nice but they are not the real official Royal Imperial Ru/Ju wares that Emperor Huizong commissioned the Ru/Ju Kiln to produce for himself and his court.

These Ru-wares are the 1st Commissioned Official Royal Imperial wares in the history of China.

1st commissioned Royal Imperial Ru ware is explained and written about in ancient text, describing that Emperor Huizong commissioned the Ru/ Ju Kiln to produce celadon wares that would be modest, understated, simplistic and look like the wares were from the past history. Also explained that 1st commissioned Royal Imperial wares used Rare Blue Crushed Agate in the glaze mix, (this can be seen with a 20x loupe) Crushed agate has only been used in Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. The 1st commissioned Royal Imperial wares have many unique forms that have not been seen before and this all shows the true genius of the Ru kiln artisans. The foot rings on all 1st official Ru ware are unglazed. All of the 1st Commissioned official Royal Imperial Ru wares have a fine cracked ice crackle in the glaze and these wares are also glaze on the inside. Often the 1st Commissioned official Royal Imperial Ru wares have marks scratched in the base and most say feng hua, vases often have trumpet formed mouths and they are larger than the merchant and tribute wares. 1st commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru ware have an ash colored biscuit that turns brown after firing. All of the 1st commissioned Royal Imperial Ru Ware have a fine cracked ice crackle in the glaze, these wares are also glazed on the inside. The 1st commissioned official Royal Imperial Ru wares were made exclusively for the Emperor and his court. Emperor Huizong saw beauty in simplicity and he saw each of these pieces as a work of art regardless if they had any flaws all pieces stayed in the court, these wares clearly fulfilled his wishes. The 1st commissioned official Royal Imperial Ru-vase shows a closeup photo of a drip of glaze that stuck to the foot ring and clearly shows chips of Rare Blue Agate in the glaze and the ancient writings that explains Ru Ware is proof these are the legendary official Royal Imperial wares of Emperor Huizong of Song

(click image to enlarge)

1st commissioned Imperial Ru Royal Kiln Vase With Rare Blue Crushed Agate In Glaze

Photo By: John Doe

1st commissioned Imperial Ru Royal Kiln Vase With Rare Blue Crushed Agate In Glaze

Ru Kiln Imperial Tribute wares are the finest wares they were producing and they gifted them to Emperor Huizong of Song dynasty below are three tribute vases.

The tribute wares are generally small with fire gilded over copper bands, these bands have cuprite and malachite corrosion and this guarantees its great age and is more reliable than a TL test and used by all experts to determine authenticity of an artifact and can't be faked! Tribute wares are glazed all over and they're fired on setters with prongs that hold the piece off the kiln floor. The prongs leave spur marks on the base and these marks are sesame seed size and shape. Tribute wares have a beautiful smooth glaze and they don't have any crushed agate stone in the glaze. Only Official Imperial wares have crushed Blue Agate in the glaze. The Tribute Wares either have an off white or ash colored biscuit and they are finest done merchant wares, and were given fire gilded copper bands and presented to Emperor Huizong as Tribute

(click image to enlarge)

Sotheby's sold these two Flawed Northern Song Dynasty Ru Ware brush washers in Hong Kong. Now Christie's has sold a flawed Ru Ware Tea Bowl in Hong Kong. They cheated and swindled the collectors that purchased this junk.They should return the money

2nd commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-Wares are the finest celadon wares China ever produced.

Those imperial advisors in the Emperor's court requested finer wares so Emperor Huizong commissioned the Ru Kiln to produce the fabulous 2nd commissioned official Royal Imperial Celadon wares for him and his court, this was also written about in ancient text, The 2nd commissioned Royal Imperial wares are very elegant, luxurious and beautiful, they are larger than both the merchant wares and tribute wares and all are celadon color. All 2nd commissioned Royal Imperial wares have Rare Crushed Blue Agate in the glaze.( this can be seen with a 20x loupe). Crushed Blue Agate has only been used in Official Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. The 2nd commissioned Royal Imperial wares have many unseen unique forms that show the true genius of the Ru kiln. The 2nd commissioned Royal wares the foot rings are unglazed and they were fired flat in the kiln, and the vase shown has fire gilded over copper bands that is corroded with cup rite and malachite and this guarantees its great age and is more reliable than a TL test and used by all experts to determine authenticity of an artifact and can't be faked! All 2nd commissioned Royal Imperial wares are not marked. The 2nd commissioned Royal Imperial wares have off white biscuit that turns brownish after firing, the wares have a very rich beautiful smooth glaze without any crackle, some wares have fire gilded over copper bands and vases that have no bands also have no crackle in the glaze. All the 2nd commissioned Royal Imperial vases shown below that have a gilded over silver band have a slight bit of crackle a few lines in the glaze, All these vases have gilded silver band around the rim only, also they have a darker celadon glaze with Rare Blue Crushed Agate that can be seen with a 20x loupe. and where the gild has worn they have a thick black corrosion.

(click image to enlarge)

Ru-Kiln merchant wares aren't the finest quality these were sold to the wealthy merchants, flawed wares were sold to the population at a very cheap price

Below Three Ru Kiln pieces shown are Merchant wares. The merchant Wares that were collected by the Qianlong Emperor during the Qing Dynasty are all that was known to exist until China has opened up to the world and many fine pieces and collection that were hidden have reached the market place. The merchant ware pieces are smaller than the Royal Imperial wares and they're glazed all over including the foot ring. They were fired using setters with prongs to lift the pieces off the kiln floor. Because of this they have spur marks that are sesame seed size and shape and these spur marks can only be seen on merchant wares and tribute wares. The merchant wares are not as finely done as the tribute wares because the best wares were given fire gilded copper bands and presented to Emperor Huizong as tribute.

(click image to enlarge)

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