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NORTHERN SONG DYNASTY OFFICIAL ROYAL IMPERIAL RU WARE
Chinese Masterpieces
The Most Important Ceramics In The History Of China
Northern Song Dynasty 1st & 2nd Commissioned
Ru Wares From The Royal Ru Kiln
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Guaranteed 100% Authentic From Emperor Huizong's Personal Collection
For the novice you can clearly see the Blue Agate specks which proves they are ancient Imperial Royal Ru Kiln Wares.
The Most Important Ceramics In The World / The Royal Ru Kiln Is The first Kiln to be Commissioned by the Emperor Huizong to produce the 1st & 2nd Commissioned Official Imperial Royal Wares In The History Of China.
These fine art 1st commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru ware is explained and written about in ancient text, held in the Chinese Palace Museum in Taiwan describing that Emperor Huizong commissioned the Ru/ Ju Kiln to produce celadon wares that would be modest, understated, simplistic and look like the wares were from the past history. Also explained that 1st commissioned Royal Imperial wares used Rare Crushed Blue Agate in the glaze mix, (this can be seen with a 20x loupe) Rare Crushed Blue Agate has only been used in Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. The Chinese Antique 1st commissioned Official Royal Imperial wares have many unique forms that have not been seen before and this all shows the true genius of the Ru kiln artisans. The foot rings on all 1st commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru ware are unglazed. All of the 1st official Royal Imperial Ru wares have a fine cracked ice crackle in the glaze and these wares are also glaze on the inside. Often the 1st commissioned official Royal Imperial Ru wares have marks scratched in the base and most say feng hua, vases often have trumpet formed mouths and they are larger than the merchant and tribute wares. 1st commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru ware have an ash colored biscuit that turns brown after firing. All of the 1st commissioned Royal Imperial Ru Ware have a fine cracked ice crackle in the glaze, these wares are also glazed on the inside. The 1st commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru wares were made exclusively for the Emperor and his Court. Art Collector Emperor Huizong saw beauty in simplicity and he saw each of these pieces as a work of art regardless if they had any flaws all pieces stayed in the court, these wares clearly fulfilled his wishes. The 1st Official Royal Imperial Ru-vase shows a closeup photo of a drip of glaze that stuck to the foot ring and clearly shows chips of agate in in the glaze and 1st commissioned ru wares that have microscopic photos that show the agate specks sparkle in the glaze, which is proof these are the legendary official Royal Imperial wares of Emperor Huizong of Song.
After the Jin Army over run the Northern Song Dynasty The Imperial Royal Kiln workers fled to the South and likely half of the workers went to work at the Imperial Guan Kilns and the other half went to work for the Longquan Kiln, which you can see how the Longquan pieces resemble the famous 2nd commissioned Royal Ru Kiln Wares. But the Longguan wares don't have the crushed agate in the glaze. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
The Finest Celadon Ceramics In The World / The 2nd Commissioned Official Imperial Royal Ru Wares Are The Finest Celadon Wares China has Ever produced
Those in the Emperor's court requested finer wares so Emperor Huizong commissioned the Ru Kiln to produce the fabulous 2nd commissioned official Royal Imperial Celadon wares for him and his court, this was also written about in ancient text, The Chinese Antique 2nd commissioned Royal Imperial wares are very elegant, luxurious and beautiful, they are larger than both the merchant wares and tribute wares and all are celadon color. All 2nd commissioned Royal wares have Rare Crushed Blue Agate in the glaze.( this can be seen with a 20x loupe). Crushed Blue Agate has only been used in all Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. The 2nd commissioned Official Royal Imperial wares have many unique forms that show the true genius of the Royal Ru kiln. The 2nd commissioned Official Royal Imperial wares the foot rings are unglazed and they were fired flat in the kiln, and the vase shown has fire gilded over copper bands that is corroded with cuprite and malachite and this guarantees its great age and is more reliable than a TL test and used by all experts to determine authenticity of an artifact and can't be faked! All 2nd commissioned Official Royal Imperial wares are not marked. The 2nd commissioned Official Royal Imperial wares have off white biscuit that turns brownish after firing, the wares have a very rich beautiful smooth glaze without any crackle, some wares have fire gilded over copper bands and vases that have no bands also have no crackle in the glaze. All the 2nd commissioned Official Royal Imperial vases shown below that have a gilded over silver band and have a slight bit of crackle a few lines in the glaze, All these vases have gilded silver band around the rim only, also they have a darker celadon glaze with Rare Crushed Blue Agate that can be seen with a 20x loupe also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photos next to each pieces photo, and where the gild pores are they have a thick black corrosion from the silver band under the gild. After the Jin Army over run the Northern Song Dynasty The Imperial Royal Kiln workers fled to the South and likely half of the workers went to work at the Imperial Guan Kilns and the other half went to work for the Longquan Kiln, which you can see how the Longquan pieces resemble the famous 2nd commissioned Royal Ru Kiln Wares. But the Longguan wares don't have the crushed agate in the glaze. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
1st Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Royal Imperial Ru-Kiln Double Gourd Vase
(WORLD CLASS)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 1st commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-kiln double gourd vase is among a group of wares that were the first wares made exclusively for the Emperor Huizong and his Court. This Imperial double gourd vase measures 10 3/8" tall it has a very refined balanced form that flares out around the mouth and base. The celadon glaze used crushed agate in the mix and this can be seen with a 20x loupe also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photos next to each pieces photo. Rare crushed Blue Agate has only been used in Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. The double gourd vase was made with a fine grayish body that has turned brown on the un-glazed foot after firing, it has fine cracked ice crackle glaze that thins out around the mouth. This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of
N. Song Imperial Ru-ware!!! ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
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1st Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Royal Imperial Ru-Kiln Beaker Vase
(WORLD CLASS)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 1st commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-kiln lobed beaker formed vase is among a group of wares that were the first wares made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his court. This lobed beaker formed vase measures 8 1/8" tall it has a very refined balanced form. Around the base you can see where the rich glaze is pooling. The celadon glaze used crushed agate in the mix and this can be seen with 20x loupe also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photos next to each pieces photos. Rare crushed Blue Agate has only been used in all Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. The lobed beaker formed Ru vase was made with a fine grayish body that turns brown after firing, it has fine cracked ice crackle glaze that can be seen using a loupe. This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of N. Song Imperial Ru Ware. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
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1st Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Royal Imperial Ru-ware Meiping Vase
(WORLD CLASS)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 1st commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-Kiln meiping formed vase is among a group of wares that were the first wares made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his court. This meiping vase measures 10 1/4" tall it has a very refined balanced form. The base has two words incised Feng Hua. The celadon glaze used rare crushed Blue Agate in the mix and this can be seen with 20x loupe also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Crushed agate has only been used in Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. This meiping formed Ru vase was made with a fine grayish body that turns brown after firing, the celadon glaze has a fine cracked ice crackle that can be seen using a loupe. This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of N. Song Imperial Ru-ware!!! ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
1st Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Royal Imperial Ru-Ware Foliated Rim Vase
(WORLD CLASS)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 1st commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-kiln folated rim formed vase is among a group of wares that were the first wares made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his Court. This foliated rim formed vase measures 8 3/4" tall it has a very refined balanced form. The celadon glaze has cracked ice crackle and crushed agate was used in the mix this can be seen with a 20x loupe also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Crushed Blue Agate has only been used in Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. The folated rim formed Vase was made with a fine grayish body that turns brown after firing. This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of N. Song Imperial Ru ware. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
1st Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Royal Imperial Ru-Ware Beaker Formed Vase
(WORLD CLASS)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 1st commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-kiln beaker formed vase is among a group of wares that were the first wares made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and the Court. This beaker formed vase measures 8 1/8" tall it has a very refined balanced form. You can see where the rich glaze was not mixed completely and shows slightly more areas of greenish and bluish. The celadon glaze has rare crushed Blue Agate in the mix, and has cracked ice crackle, this can be seen using a 20x loupe also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Crushed agate has only been used in Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. The beaker formed vase was made with a fine grayish body that turns brown after firing. This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of
N. Song Imperial Ru ware. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
1st Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Royal Imperial Ru-Ware Flower Bud Vase
(WORLD CLASS)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 1st commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-kiln flower bud formed vase is among a group of wares that were the first wares made exclusively for Emperor Huizong's and his Court. The vase is marked Feng Hua. This flower bud formed vase measures 10/3/4" tall it has a very refined balanced form. The celadon glaze has rare crushed Blue Agate in the mix, and has cracked ice crackle, this can be seen with a 20x loupe also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Crushed agate has only been used in Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. The flower bud formed vase was made with a fine grayish body that turns brown after firing. This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of N. Song Imperial Ru ware. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
1st Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Royal Imperial Ru-Ware Melon Form Vase
(WORLD CLASS)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 1st Commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-kiln melon gourd formed vase is among a group of wares that were the first wares made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his Court. This melon gourd formed Vase measures 8 1/8" tall it has a very refined balanced form. The celadon glaze has crushed agate in the mix, and has cracked ice crackle, this can be seen with a 20x loupe also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Rare Crushed Blue Agate has only been used in Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. The melon formed vase was made with a fine grayish body that turns brown after firing. This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of N. Song Imperial Ru Ware. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
1st Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Royal Imperial Ru-Ware Vase
(WORLD CLASS)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 1st Commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-kiln vase with handles and trumpet mouth is among a group of wares that were the first wares made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his Court. This vase with handles and trumpet mouth measures 8 3/8" tall it has a very refined balanced form. You can see where the glaze was not mixed completely and shows slightly more areas of greenish and bluish. The celadon glaze has a fine cracked ice crackle, and crushed agate was used in the mix and can be seen with a 20x loupe also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Rare Crushed Blue Agate has only been used in Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. This vase has a fine grayish body that has turned brown after firing. This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of N. Song Imperial Ru Ware. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
1st Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Royal Imperial Ru-Ware Drum Formed Vase
(WORLD CLASS)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 1st Commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-kiln drum formed vase is among a group of wares that were the first wares made exclusively for the Emperor Huizong and his Court. This Drum Formed Vase measures 10" tall it has a very refined balanced form that flares out around the trumpet mouth and base. The celadon glaze has a fine cracked ice crackle, and crushed agate was used in the mix and can be seen with a 20x loupe also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Crushed Blue Agate has only been used in Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. This drum formed vase was made with a fine grayish body that has turned brown after firing. This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of N. Song Imperial Ru-ware!!! ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
1st Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Royal Imperial Ru-Ware Mallet Formed Vase
(WORLD CLASS)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 1st Commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-kiln trumpet mouth mallet formed vase is among a group of wares that were the first wares made exclusively for the Emperor Huizong and his Court. This Mallet Formed Vase measures 10" tall it has a very refined balanced form that flares out around the trumpet mouth. The celadon glaze has a fine cracked ice crackle, and crushed Blue Agate was used in the mix and can be seen with a 20x loupe also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Rare Crushed Blue Agate has only been used in all Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. This mallet formed vase was made with a fine grayish body that has turned brown after firing. This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving
hoard of N. Song Imperial Ru-Ware!!! ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
2nd Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Royal Imperial Ru-Ware Cong Formed Vase
(WORLD CLASS)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 2nd Commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-kiln cong formed vase is among a group of wares that are the most elegant luxurious celadon wares China has ever produced. These wares were made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his court. This cong formed vase has a spectacular celadon glaze that is very rich and smooth to the touch without any crackle and crushed agate was put in glaze mix which can be seen using a 20x loupe also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Crushed agate has only been used in Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. This cong form vase has fire gilded over copper bands on the rim and base that are corroded with cuprite and malachite and this guarantees its great age. This is more reliable than a TL test, and used by all experts to determine authenticity of an artifact, and can't be faked! The 2nd commissioned Royal cong formed vase has an off white body that turned brownish after firing. This vase measures 7" tall, This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of
N. Song Imperial Ru-Ware!!! ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
2nd Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Royal Imperial Ru-Ware Trumpet Formed Vase
(WORLD CLASS)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 2nd Commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-kiln trumpet formed vase is among a group of wares that are the most elegant luxurious celadon wares China has ever produced. These wares were made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his court. This trumpet formed vase has a spectacular celadon glaze that is very rich and smooth to the touch without any crackle and crushed agate was put in glaze mix which can be seen using a 20x loupe also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Crushed Blue Agate has only been used in Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. This trumpet form vase has fire gilded over copper bands on the rim and base that are corroded with cuprite and malachite and this guarantees its great age. This is more reliable than a TL test, and used by all experts to determine authenticity of an artifact, and can't be faked! The 2nd commissioned Official Royal Imperial trumpet formed vase has an off white body that turned brownish after firing. This vase measures 8 3/4" tall, This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving
hoard of N. Song Imperial Ru-Ware!!! ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
2nd Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Imperial Royal Ru-Kiln Vase is Rectangular with Tube Handles
( World Class )
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 2nd Commissioned Official Imperial Royal Ru-kiln Rectangle with Tube Handles Vase is among a group of wares that are the most elegant luxurious celadon wares China has ever produced. These wares were made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his court. This Pale Celadon Vase has a spectacular glaze that is very rich and smooth to the touch with Rare Blue Crushed Agate that was put in the glaze mix. This can easily be seen using a 20x loupe or microscope also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Rare Crushed Blue Agate has been used in all Official Imperial Royal Ru Kiln wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. The 2nd commissioned Royal vase has an off white body that turned brownish after firing. This vase measures approx. 9 1/8 inches tall, This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of N. Song Imperial Royal Ru-Kiln Wares! ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
2nd Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Imperial Royal Ru-Kiln Vase has a Pear Form
( World Class )
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 2nd Commissioned Official Imperial Royal Ru-kiln Pear Form Vase is among a group of wares that are the most elegant luxurious celadon wares China has ever produced. These wares were made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his court. This Pale Celadon Vase has a spectacular glaze that is very rich and smooth to the touch with Rare Blue Crushed Agate that was put in the glaze mix. This can easily be seen using a 20x loupe or microscope also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Rare Crushed Blue Agate has been used in all Official Imperial Royal Ru Kiln wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. The 2nd commissioned Royal vase has an off white body that turned brownish after firing. This vase measures approx. 9 1/8 inches tall, This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of Northern Song Dynasty Official Imperial Royal Ru-Kiln Wares! ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
2nd Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Imperial Royal Ru-Kiln Meiping Vase
( World Class )
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 2nd Commissioned Official Imperial Royal Ru-kiln Meiping Vase is among a group of wares that are the most elegant luxurious celadon wares China has ever produced. These wares were made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his court. This Pale Celadon Meiping Vase has a spectacular glaze that is very rich and smooth to the touch with Rare Blue Crushed Agate that was put in the glaze mix. This can easily be seen using a 20x loupe or microscope also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Rare Crushed Blue Agate has been used in all Official Imperial Royal Ru Kiln wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. The 2nd commissioned Royal Meiping Vase has an off white body that turned brownish after firing. This vase measures approx. 7 3/4 inches tall, This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of Northern Song Dynasty Official Imperial Royal Ru-Kiln Wares! ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
2nd Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Imperial Royal Ru-Kiln Square with Trumpet Mouth Vase
( World Class )
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 2nd Commissioned Official Imperial Royal Ru-kiln Square Vase that is decorated with Blossoms, Bamboo, Flowers and Lotus. This Vase is among a group of wares that are the most elegant luxurious celadon wares China has ever produced. These wares were made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his court. This Celadon Vase has a spectacular glaze that is very rich and smooth to the touch with Rare Blue Crushed Agate that was put in the glaze mix. This can easily be seen using a 20x loupe or microscope also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Rare Crushed Blue Agate has been used in all Official Imperial Royal Ru Kiln wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. The 2nd commissioned Royal Vase has an off white body that turned brownish after firing. This vase measures approx. 9 1/8 inches tall, This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of Northern Song Dynasty Official Imperial Royal Ru-Kiln Wares! ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
2nd Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Imperial Royal Ru-Kiln Cong on Stand Form Vase
( World Class )
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 2nd Commissioned Official Imperial Royal Ru-kiln Cong on Stand Vase. This Vase is among a group of wares that are the most elegant luxurious celadon wares China has ever produced. These wares were made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his court. This Celadon Vase has a spectacular glaze that is very rich and smooth to the touch with Rare Blue Crushed Agate that was put in the glaze mix. This can easily be seen using a 20x loupe or microscope also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Rare Crushed Blue Agate has been used in all Official Imperial Royal Ru Kiln wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. The 2nd commissioned Royal Vase has an off white body that turned brownish after firing. This vase measures approx. 7 1/2 inches tall, This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of Northern Song Dynasty Official Imperial Royal Ru-Kiln Wares! ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
2nd Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Imperial Royal Ru-Kiln Phoenix Handle Vase
( World Class )
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 2nd Commissioned Official Imperial Royal Ru-kiln Phoenix Handle Vase. This Vase is among a group of wares that are the most elegant luxurious celadon wares China has ever produced. These wares were made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his court. This Celadon Vase has a spectacular glaze that is very rich and smooth to the touch with Rare Blue Crushed Agate that was put in the glaze mix. This can easily be seen using a 20x loupe or microscope also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Rare Crushed Blue Agate has been used in all Official Imperial Royal Ru Kiln wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. The 2nd commissioned Royal Vase has an off white body that turned brownish after firing. This vase measures approx. 9 5/8 inches tall, This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of Northern Song Dynasty Official Imperial Royal Ru-Kiln Wares! ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
2nd Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Imperial Royal Ru-Kiln Four Lug Handle Vase
( World Class )
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 2nd Commissioned Official Imperial Royal Ru-kiln Four Lug Handle Vase. This Pale Celadon Vase has a spectacular glaze that is very rich and smooth to the touch with Rare Blue Crushed Agate that was put in the glaze mix.This Vase is among a group of wares that are the most elegant luxurious celadon wares China has ever produced. These wares were made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his court. This Pale Celadon Vase has a spectacular glaze that is very rich and smooth to the touch with Rare Blue Crushed Agate that was put in the glaze mix. This can easily be seen with a 20x loupe or microscope also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Rare Crushed Blue Agate has been used in all Official Imperial Royal Ru Kiln wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. The 2nd commissioned Royal Vase has an off white body that turned brownish after firing. This vase measures approx. 8 1/8 inches tall, This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of Northern Song Dynasty Official Imperial Royal Ru-Kiln Wares! ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
2nd Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Royal Imperial Ru-Ware Rams Head Vase
( World Class )
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 2nd Commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-kiln rams head vase is among a group of wares that are the most elegant luxurious celadon wares China has ever produced. These wares were made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his court. This ram head vase has a spectacular celadon glaze that is very rich and smooth to the touch with slight crackle a few lines and crushed agate was put in glaze mix which can be seen using a 20x loupe also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Crushed Blue Agate has only been used in Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. This rams head vase has fire gilded over silver bands on the rim that is corroded with thick black corrosion where the gild has worn. The 2nd commissioned Royal rams head vase has an off white body that turned brownish after firing. This vase measures 9" tall, This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of N. Song Imperial Ru-Ware!!! ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
2nd Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official Royal
Imperial Ru-Ware Vase With Elephant Handles
(WORLD CLASS)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 2nd Commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-kiln vase with elephant handles is among a group of wares that are the most elegant luxurious celadon wares China has ever produced. These wares were made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his court. This vase has a spectacular celadon glaze that is very rich and smooth to the touch with slight crackle a few lines and crushed agate was put in glaze mix which can be seen using a 20x loupe also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Crushed agate has only been used in Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. This elephant handle vase has fire gilded over silver bands on the rim that is corroded with thick black corrosion where the gild has worn. The 2nd commissioned Official Royal Imperial Vase has an off white body that turned brownish after firing. This vase measures 8 7/8" tall, This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of
N. Song Imperial Ru-Ware!!! ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
2nd Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Royal Imperial Ru-Ware Dragons Vase
(WORLD CLASS)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 2nd Commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-kiln dragons vase with is among a group of wares that are the most elegant luxurious celadon wares China has ever produced. These wares were made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his court. This dragons vase has a spectacular celadon glaze that is very rich and smooth to the touch with slight crackle a few lines and crushed agate was put in glaze mix which can be seen using a 20x loupe also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Crushed agate has only been used in Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. This dragons vase has fire gilded over silver bands on the rim that is corroded with thick black corrosion where the gild has worn. The 2nd commissioned Official Royal Imperial Vase has an off white body that turned brownish after firing. This dragons vase measures 8 5/8" tall, This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of
N. Song Imperial Ru-Ware!!! ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
2nd Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Royal Imperial Ru-Ware Tiger Vase
(WORLD CLASS)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 2nd Commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-kiln tiger vase with is among a group of wares that are the most elegant luxurious celadon wares China has ever produced. These wares were made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his court. This tiger vase has a spectacular celadon glaze that is very rich and smooth to the touch with slight crackle a few lines and crushed agate was put in glaze mix which can be seen using a 20x loupe also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Rare Blue Crushed Agate has only been used in all Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. This tiger vase has fire gilded over silver bands on the rim that is corroded with thick black corrosion where the gild has worn. The 2nd commissioned Official Royal Imperial Vase has an off white body that turned brownish after firing. This tiger vase measures 8 1/2" tall, This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of
N. Song Imperial Ru-Ware!!! ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
2nd Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official Royal Imperial
Ru-Ware Dragon Handles Vase
(WORLD CLASS)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 2nd Commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-kiln dragon handles vase with is among a group of wares that are the most elegant luxurious celadon wares China has ever produced. These wares were made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his court. This dragon handles vase has a spectacular celadon glaze that is very rich and smooth to the touch with slight crackle a few lines and crushed agate was put in glaze mix which can be seen using a 20x loupe also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Crushed Blue Agate has only been used in Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. This dragon handles vase has fire gilded over silver bands on the rim that is corroded with thick black corrosion where the gild has worn. The 2nd commissioned Official Royal Imperial Vase has an off white body that turned brownish after firing. This dragon handles vase measures 9 1/4" tall, This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving
hoard of N. Song Imperial Ru-Ware!!! ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
2nd Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official Royal
Imperial Ru-Ware Double Fish Vase
(WORLD CLASS)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 2nd Commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-kiln double fish vase with is among a group of wares that are the most elegant luxurious celadon wares China has ever produced. These wares were made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his court. This double fish vase has a spectacular celadon glaze that is very rich and smooth to the touch with slight crackle a few lines and crushed agate was put in glaze mix which can be seen using a 20x loupe also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Crushed Blue Agate has only been used in all Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. This double fish vase has fire gilded over silver bands on the rim that is corroded with thick black corrosion where the gild has worn. The 2nd commissioned Official Royal Imperial Vase has an off white body that turned brownish after firing. This double fish vase measures 9 1/4" tall, This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of
N. Song Imperial Ru-Ware!!! ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
2nd Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official Royal
Imperial Ru-Ware Wavy Rim Vase
(WORLD CLASS)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 2nd Commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-kiln wavy rim vase with is among a group of wares that are the most elegant luxurious celadon wares China has ever produced. These wares were made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his court. This wavy rim vase has a spectacular celadon glaze that is very rich and smooth to the touch with slight crackle a few lines and crushed agate was put in glaze mix which can be seen using a 20x loupe also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Crushed Blue Agate has only been used in all Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. This wavy rim vase has fire gilded over silver bands on the rim that is corroded with thick black corrosion where the gild has worn. The 2nd commissioned Official Royal Imperial Vase has an off white body that turned brownish after firing. This wavy rim vase measures 9 1/4" tall, This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of
N. Song Imperial Ru-Ware!!! ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
2nd Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official Royal
Imperial Ru-Ware Double Gourd Vase
(WORLD CLASS)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 2nd Commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-kiln double gourd vase with is among a group of wares that are the most elegant luxurious celadon wares China has ever produced. These wares were made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his court. This double gourd vase has a spectacular celadon glaze that is very rich and smooth to the touch with slight crackle a few lines and crushed agate was put in glaze mix which can be seen using a 20x loupe also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Crushed agate has only been used in Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. This double gourd vase has fire gilded over silver bands on the rim that is corroded with thick black corrosion where the gild has worn. The 2nd commissioned Royal Vase has an off white body that turned brownish after firing. This double gourd vase measures 9 1/4" tall, This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of N. Song Imperial Ru-Ware!!! ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
2nd Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Royal Imperial Ru-Ware Lion Handles Vase
(WORLD CLASS)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 2nd Commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-kiln lion handles vase with is among a group of wares that are the most elegant luxurious celadon wares China has ever produced. These wares were made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his court. This lion handles vase has a spectacular celadon glaze that is very rich and smooth to the touch with slight crackle a few lines and crushed agate was put in glaze mix which can be seen using a 20x loupe also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Crushed Blue Agate has only been used in all Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. This lion handles vase has fire gilded over silver bands on the rim that is corroded with thick black corrosion where the gild has worn. The 2nd commissioned Official Royal Imperial Vase has an off white body that turned brownish after firing. This lion handles vase measures 9 1/4" tall, This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of
N. Song Imperial Ru-Ware!!! ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
2nd Commissioned Northern Song Dynasty Official
Royal Imperial Ru-Ware Plant Vase
(WORLD CLASS)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This highly prized 2nd Commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-kiln plant vase with is among a group of wares that are the most elegant luxurious celadon wares China has ever produced. These wares were made exclusively for Emperor Huizong and his court. This plant vase has a spectacular celadon glaze that is very rich and smooth to the touch with slight crackle a few lines and crushed agate was put in glaze mix which can be seen using a 20x loupe also you can see the specks of agate in the Microscopic photo next to each pieces photos. Crushed Blue Agate has only been used in all Official Royal Imperial Ru wares that were developed by Emperor Huizong. This plant vase has fire gilded over silver bands on the rim that is corroded with thick black corrosion where the gild has worn. The 2nd commissioned Official Royal Imperial Vase has an off white body that turned brownish after firing. This plant vase measures 8 5/8" tall, This piece is from Emperor Huizong's surviving hoard of
N. Song Imperial Ru-Ware!!! ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Contact me for Price
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The Inaugural Ceramics Commissioned by the Emperor in Chinese History: Guaranteed 100% Authenticity from the Northern Song Dynasty's Official Imperial Royal Ru Kiln Porcelain Collection – An Unmatched Provenance of Authenticity.
Understanding "Botryoidal Malachite" Patina
Formation of Fanlike Crystal Needles
Most crystals simply begin to grow using available molecules. This results in discrete crystals whose sizes depend on available material. But malachite is different. It seldom forms discrete crystals of good size. Instead, scientists say, developing malachite crystals “split”, diverging into tiny needles, packed together in a fanlike arrangement.
The fanlike malachite needles grow into tightly bonded spherules, which crowd together and bond, forming a solid mass. When the spherules stop growing and terminate, the top surface is rounded to some degree. The terms “botryoidal” (resembling a cluster of grapes) and “reniform” (kidney-shaped) are used to describe large to small undulating masses of spherules.
Author Bob Jones Holds the Carnegie Mineralogical Award, is a member of the Rockhound Hall of Fame, and has been writing for Rock & Gem since its inception. He lectures about minerals, and has written several books and video scripts.
This is a Microscopic photo of one of the Ru Ware Fire Gilded Copper Bands, shows the "Botryoidal Malachite Patina over the reddish Cuprite."This can not be Faked. (From the book Copper and bronze in art by David Scott) (chapter 3 page 106 Malachite in bronze patinas) (The natural transition of metal to cuprite to malachite is very difficult to replicate in the laboratory. In fact, most of the recipes for producing artificial green patinas on copper alloys, such as those compiled by Hughes and Rowe (1982), do not result in malachite formation over a cuprite layer. Consequently, the existence of this type of corrosion, supported by analytical and metallographic studies, is a good indication of the authenticity of an artifact.)
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Click On Video Clip Proves Botryoidal Malachite Can't Be Faked! No one has ever faked this Botryoidal malachite patina only happens in nature. This Guaranties Authenticity Of This Imperial Royal Ru Ware Collection
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Link to Full Video https://youtu.be/5O-l6vY0dnc?si=FsHEJdKox0a1p0bH
An Analysis of Royal Imperial Ru Ware Commissioned and Collected by Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty During the Northern Song Period. ppjrs
Ancient Treasures: Ru Kiln Secrets Revealed!
Emperor Huizong reigned from 1100 to 1126, during which time he abdicated in favor of his son. He is renowned for his advocacy of Taoism and is celebrated for his exceptional talents in poetry, painting, calligraphy, and music. However, his Northern Song Empire ultimately succumbed to the advancing Jin armies, leading to his capture in 1127. Huizong died in captivity in 1135, having transitioned from the status of the world's wealthiest individual to that of a diminished man. After his death, his extensive collections were meticulously consolidated and preserved in large wooden crates, enduring through time.
Since China's opening in the 1990s, various historical collections have entered the marketplace. Notably, my collection of Imperial Ru ware originates from Emperor Huizong's personal assemblage. During his tenure, he commissioned the Ru Kiln to produce wares specifically for himself and his court, recognizing it as the foremost source of Imperial tribute wares. The tribute wares produced by the Ru Kiln during this era were distinguished by their remarkable quality, often devoid of defects. To further enhance their uniqueness, these wares incorporated a variety of colors and featured fire gilded bands on the rims, occasionally the bases. The gilding technique utilized gold and mercury, a method that has not been employed since the mid-1800s due to safety concerns. The intricacies of the fire gilded bands display complex corrosion patterns of cuprite and malachite, natural phenomena that are exceedingly difficult to replicate in laboratory settings. Established research underscores the challenges associated with the transformation from metal to cuprite to malachite, with most synthetic formulas failing to replicate malachite atop cuprite layers, thereby providing validation for the authenticity of such artifacts.
This innovation inspired other kilns to adopt similar techniques, incorporating fire gilded bands in their tribute wares. Prior to the Ru Kiln attaining its designation as the official Imperial kiln, its production primarily consisted of small wares that exhibited sporadic crackling and spur marks due to the firing process on stilts. Many of these pieces contained imperfections, resulting in the destruction of severely flawed items and the sale of lesser-quality wares to the public at reduced prices. Such flawed wares frequently appear in auctions conducted by Sotheby's and Christie's and are often showcased in museums housing Ru ware collections. Higher-quality pieces were sold at premium prices to affluent merchants. The finest wares were presented as tribute to Emperor Huizong, who received extravagant offerings from various kilns. Recognizing the demand for superior quality wares, Emperor Huizong designated the Ru Kiln as the first official Royal Imperial kiln in China.
His objective was to create wares that were distinctive and specifically intended for himself and his court. He sought pieces that echoed the historical celadon wares, aiming for a jade-like aesthetic reminiscent of Korean Koryo ceramics. After reviewing prototype pieces, he insisted on eliminating spur marks by firing the wares flat in the kiln with unglazed foot rings. Furthermore, he mandated the incorporation of rare blue crushed agate into the glaze, a feature unique to the official Royal Imperial wares commissioned by him. The initial commissioned wares displayed a grayish biscuit that transitioned to brown post-firing, with some pieces bearing inscriptions such as "Feng Hua." These wares featured distinctive crack ice crackles. Emphasizing size and simplicity, these pieces were larger than previous tribute wares and showcased refined forms, such as trumpet-shaped mouths. Despite occasional flaws during the firing process, these Royal Imperial wares were exclusively designated for the Emperor and his court. As the official Imperial kiln, the Ru Kiln's focus was solely on producing wares for the Emperor and his court. Huizong appreciated the intrinsic beauty of these often flawed and simplistic pieces, recognizing their individuality akin to human character.
However, some of his advisors sought more visually appealing wares. Consequently, he tasked the Ru Kiln with creating the most exquisite celadon wares ever produced in China, emphasizing elegance and luxury in design. The second series of official Royal Imperial wares manifested in various celadon hues, adorned with rich glazes that seamlessly integrated rare blue crushed agate. Unlike the initial batch, these wares were meticulously crafted and largely free from prior defects, with exquisite forms and flat-fired unglazed foot rings. Selected special wares featured gilded copper or silver bands, enhancing their opulent appearance. Importantly, all second commissioned official Royal Imperial wares lacked specific markings. It must be emphasized that wares produced prior to the Ru Kiln’s designation as the official Imperial kiln do not contain agate in their glazes. Certain auction houses and museums mistakenly claim the presence of crushed agate in these earlier wares, fabricating narratives that assert its dissipation during the firing process. This assertion is fundamentally flawed, as agate requires excessively high temperatures for melting—far exceeding the maximum temperatures reached by Song dynasty kilns. Additionally, the practical difficulties associated with crushing agate into a fine powder contribute to the clear visibility of agate traces in authentic Royal Imperial Ru wares.
I have compiled a significant collection of Ru and Ju wares, artifacts that have remained largely concealed since the decline of the Northern Song Dynasty. The Qianlong Emperor's collection predominantly comprised flawed merchant wares developed prior to the Ru Kiln's establishment as the official Royal Imperial kiln. It is only since the 20th century and the reopening of China that many fine pieces, once obscured from view, have entered the marketplace. This narrative seeks to illuminate the complexities surrounding Ru and Ju Kiln wares in the context of Emperor Huizong's reign. For many years, scholars and collectors have relied on pieces from the Qianlong Emperor's collection; while aesthetically appealing, they do not accurately represent the authentic Royal Imperial Ru and Ju wares commissioned by Huizong for himself and his court.
In the aftermath of the Jin Army's incursion into the Northern Song Dynasty, workers from the Imperial Royal Kiln sought refuge in the southern region, with many likely contributing their skills to the Imperial Guan Kilns, while others joined the Longquan Kiln. Notably, this lineage accounts for the visual similarities observed between certain Longquan pieces and the second commissioned Royal Ru Kiln wares, although the Longquan products lack the characteristic crushed agate present in the latter's glazes.
Please examine all the information, photos, microscopic photos, that prove my conclusion.
The Ru-Wares Represent the First Commissioned Official Imperial Ceramics within China's Historical Context.
The first commissioned Royal Imperial Ru ware is thoroughly documented in historical texts, which indicate that Emperor Huizong instructed the Ru/ Ju Kiln to produce celadon wares characterized by modesty, understated elegance, and a deliberate simplicity that evokes a sense of antiquity. Notably, these initial commissioned Royal Imperial wares incorporated Rare Blue Crushed Agate into the glaze formulation. This can be discerned through the use of a 20x loupe, and microscopic photographs reveal the distinctive specks of agate found in each piece. The use of crushed agate is exclusive to the Official Royal Imperial Ru wares developed under Emperor Huizong's patronage. These early commissioned wares exhibit a variety of unique forms previously unseen, showcasing the remarkable skill and artistry of the Ru kiln artisans. The foot rings of all first official Ru wares remain unglazed. Additionally, each piece features a fine, cracked ice crackle in the glaze, with interior glazing also present. Many of these wares have marks inscribed on the bases, often inscribed with "feng hua," and the vases typically feature trumpet-shaped mouths, distinguished by their larger dimensions compared to merchant and tribute wares. The first commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru wares are crafted from an ash-colored biscuit that transforms to brown upon firing. Furthermore, each piece exhibits the signature fine cracked ice crackle in the glaze, maintaining consistent interior glazing. Exclusively produced for the Emperor and his court, these wares reflect Emperor Huizong's appreciation for beauty in simplicity. He regarded each piece as an artwork, embracing any imperfections, which ultimately remained within the court as evidentiary fulfillment of his vision. An illustrative close-up of a first commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru vase depicts a droplet of glaze adhering to the foot ring, highlighting chips of Rare Blue Agate within the glaze. The accompanying ancient writings affirm the historical significance of these pieces as the legendary Official Royal Imperial wares commissioned by Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Ru Kiln Imperial Tribute Wares: Exceptional Artifacts Presented to Emperor Huizong of the Northern Song Dynasty, Featuring Right
Three Exemplary Tribute Vases.
Tribute wares are typically small artifacts characterized by their fire gilded copper bands, which exhibit corrosion patterns of cuprite and malachite. These distinctive features serve as reliable indicators of their age, often considered more authentic than thermoluminescence (TL) tests, earning the trust of experts in the field for authenticity verification. The production of tribute wares involves a glazing process that encompasses the entire surface. Notably, the pieces are fired on setters equipped with prongs to elevate the items above the kiln floor, resulting in spur marks on the base that are approximately the size and shape of sesame seeds. The glaze on tribute wares is smooth and showcases no inclusion of crushed agate in the glaze. It is important to note that the presence of crushed blue agate in the glaze is exclusive to Commissioned Official Royal Imperial wares. Typically, tribute wares feature either an off-white or ash-colored biscuit, representing the finest quality merchant wares that were adorned with fire gilded copper bands and presented as tribute to Emperor Huizong. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Sotheby's sold these two Flawed Northern Song Dynasty Ru Ware brush washers in Hong Kong. Now Christie's has sold a flawed Ru Ware Tea Bowl in Hong Kong. They should return the money
Second Commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru-Wares Represent the Pinnacle of Celadon Production in China.
The Ru Kiln was commissioned to produce the exquisite second series of official Royal Imperial Celadon wares for Emperor Huizong and his court, these wares are characterized by their elegance, luxury, and aesthetic beauty, surpassing both merchant and tribute wares in refinement and size, while consistently showcasing a distinctive celadon hues. Notably, all pieces from this second series are infused with rare crushed blue agate within their glaze, an element observable through a 20x loupe, as evident in the microscopic photographs accompanying each piece. The use of crushed blue agate is exclusive to the Official Imperial Ru wares developed during Emperor Huizong’s reign. Furthermore, these second commissioned Royal Imperial wares exhibit a variety of unique forms that underscore the exceptional craftsmanship of the Ru kiln. The foot rings of these wares are unglazed and were intentionally fired flat within the kiln. Two vases feature fire gilding over copper bands exhibiting corrosion from cuprite and malachite, which serves as a reliable indicator of the artifact's age, more credible than thermoluminescence (TL) tests and widely acknowledged by experts to verify authenticity—an attribute that is impossible to replicate. It is important to note that all second commissioned Royal Imperial wares are unmarked. They possess an off-white biscuit that transitions to a brownish tone post-firing. The wares exhibit a rich, smooth glaze with no crackling, while some pieces feature fire gilding over copper bands, and those without bands likewise maintain a flawless glaze. The vase displayed, adorned with a gilded silver band, show minimal crackling, restricted to a few fine lines. The gilded silver band, exhibiting a darker celadon glaze enhanced with rare blue crushed agate, is clearly visible under magnification. The fire gilding on silver bands have pores in the gild, allowing tarnish to seep through the pores, resulting in pronounced black corrosion on the bands. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Ru-Kiln merchant wares are distinguished by their fine quality; however, they are primarily positioned in the market for affluent merchants, while items with imperfections are made available to the broader public at substantially lower prices.
Three Ru Kiln pieces displayed are examples of Merchant wares. Previously, the only known specimens of such wares were those collected by the Qianlong Emperor during the Qing Dynasty. However, following China's integration into the global market, numerous exquisite pieces and collections that had been concealed have now become accessible. Merchant wares are typically smaller than Commissioned Royal Imperial wares and exhibit a complete glazing, including the foot ring. These items were fired using setters equipped with prongs, which elevated the pieces above the kiln floor. Consequently, they display spur marks that are approximately the size and shape of sesame seeds—distinctive traits that are exclusive to merchant and tribute wares. It is important to note that merchant wares lack the refinement of tribute wares, as the most exquisite examples were adorned with fire-gilded copper bands and presented to Emperor Huizong as tribute. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
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