qingdynastyporcelain
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
These Qing Dynasty marked and period Kangxi Falangcai Bowls were beautifully formed, The detail is so finely incised Its hard to imagine how skilled the person that did this was. You must enlarge the photos to appreciate the detail The pair has a yellow ground and the falangcai pallet of beautiful colored enamels. You must pay close attention to the detail in the painting and shading, there is very little crazing in the enamels which many Characterise Kangxi falangcai enamels for. The falangcai enamels are very striking on these bowls. The base has the four character deep pink Yuzhi mark on the base with double squares. The foot ring has flaking in the biscuit which proves there age and also iron marks from the firing process. These Masterpieces Kangxi Bowls are extremely well done I would say they're simply the finest Pair of Kangxi Falangcai bowls I have ever seen and likely the finest in the World.
measures approx. 5 7/8" "Dia. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This Qing Dynasty marked and period Kangxi Falangcai Bowl has beautiful form, They used rather thick falangcai pallet of beautiful colored enamels on the flowers and a thinner enamel shading Green tones coloring the lotus pads. which shows crazing in the flowers and the ruby red ground. This Wonderful bowl you must, pay attention to the details and color balance and shading. Often Kangxi falangcai are characterised by very fine crazings in the enamels. This Bowl has flaking in the biscuit which proves it's old. The Kangxi Falangcai color palette is quite beautiful. The Bowl has the Kangxi four character yuzhi mark in a double square on the base. This Kangxi Bowl is very well done and
measures approx. 6 1/8" "Dia. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This Qianlong Famille Rose Guan Formed Vessel is in a Class of it's own. This is arguably the finest piece of Chinese Famille Rose enamels porcelain ever published and offered for sale. Get your books out, check your auction catalogs, Check every museum in the world see if you find a more beautiful or incredible piece anywhere in the world. This Qianlong Vessel has it all, there was so much skill in producing this Vessel it's a must see first hand to really appreciate it. The Vessel has many levels of decorations. The form is exquisite. The ground was blue then incised with a pinpoint in a wave like pattern, then covered with gold. Areas of the ground have small rose colored blossoms. There is two panels that are so delicately painted you can't imagine the total control of the artist that did this piece. The painting in the panels has branches, flowering blooms and two Magpie Birds and much of it was done using a few strands of hair brush and some strokes look to have used a single strand, this can be seen using loupe. The panel frames are in iron red and on the sides there are two leaves in iron red with a cricket and a grasshopper on the leaf. The vessel has two gold phoenix handles. There is very controlled droplets of white enamel highlighting the iron red throughout the piece. The inside and bottom are covered in a beautiful turquoise color. The Qianlong Famille Rose color palette was used. The vessel has the Qianlong mark on the bottom that lines up with the main panel typical on Imperial Qianlong pieces. The vessel measures 7 5/8" tall Qianlong mark and period 1736-1795 This vessel sets the bar very high for real Masterpieces of Chinese porcelain. Feel free to contact me about this vessel.
(Click photo to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This Pair of Qing Dynasty Marked and period Qianlong Falangcai Bowls have beautiful form, They used a beautiful falangcai pallet of colored enamels, the Bowls have yellow ground and are decorated with Four Chinese symbols surrounded with flowers and interlocking vines. There is crazing in the enamels which many Characterise falangcai enamels for. These Wonderful bowls you must, pay attention to the details and color balance and shading. These Bowls have flaking in the biscuit which proves they are old. The Falangcai color palette is quite beautiful. The Bowls have the Qianlong blue six character mark and a poem written on the Base. These Qianlong Bowls are very well done and measure approx. 6" "Dia. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This is a extremely fine Imperial Qianlong marked and period 1736-1795 Mirror Black Glazed Bowl with Pin Point Incised Architectural and Landscape decorations, filled in with Gold. This Mirror Black Glazed Bowl is the most exquisite masterpiece of this type ever offered on the open market. Check all your auction catalogs and books see if you find any black glazed piece that can compare with this masterpiece. Each line is incised as fine as a hair. You cannot appreciate this piece in a photo, you have to see it first hand to even try to understand the skill and control it took to create this bowl. The form is exquisite, also you can see how the glaze thins out around the rim exposing the white biscuit under it. Collectors must learn to recognize the differences of a good piece compared to great piece or masterpieces. Most Qing Pieces if you look close at them you will see and understand they were painted by less skilled artist, they will look flat without balance, detail or depth. Pay attention to the details and color balance and shading this will help you to see and understand the difference. The Qianlong seal mark lines up with the front of the bowl, this is typical during Qianlong period.The Qianlong period was the pinnacle of china porcelain.
The Bowl measures approx.9 3/16 inches diameter.
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
Chinese Antique Porcelain Qing Dynasty Qianlong Marked and Period Famille Rose Landscape Vase This is a extremely rare and fine Qianlong marked and period 1736-1795 Famille Rose landscape Vase. The Vase has a Hu form, and resembles Islamic tile in parts of the motif. The Islamic influence shows up in some porcelains for only a short period of time during Qianlong period. This beautifully painted and highly detailed Vase has two landscape panels of valleys. Each panel is framed with two phoenix. The Mark lines up with the main panel which is typical of Imperial Qianlong porcelain. This vase is a true masterpiece Qianlong period. The Qianlong period was the pinnacle of porcelain in China. This Vase measures approx. 10 1/2 inches tall. Feel free to contact me about this Vase.
(click photo to enlarge
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This Pair of Qing Dynasty Marked and period Kangxi Falangcai Bowls have beautiful form, They used a beautiful falangcai pallet of colored enamels on the flowers shading green tones on the leaves on the deep greenish bluish tones on the four panels on the pinkish ground. There is extensive crazing in the ground and panels which is typical and often characterized in falangcai enamels. This Wonderful bowls you must, pay attention to the details and color balance and shading. These Bowls have flaking in the biscuit which proves they are old. The Falangcai color palette is Quite beautiful. The Bowls have the Kangxi four character Yuzhi mark in puce enamel with double squares on the base. These Kangxi Bowls are very well done and measure approx. 5 7/8" "Dia. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This is a finely carved Qianlong mark and period Vase in the form of a Hu,The Vase has Five finely carved five claw dragons in the clouds above the water, and is covered with a beautiful Celadon Glaze, also has two Deer head handles. It has the Qianlong mark that lines up with the main Facing Dragon typical of Qianlong wares.The Vase measures approx
12 3/4" Tall
(click image to enlarge)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This Pair of Qing Dynasty Marked and period Yongzheng Falangcai Bowls have beautiful form, They used a beautiful falangcai pallet of colored enamels, the Bowls have eight Buddhist symbols. There is very little crazing in the enamels which many Characterise falangcai enamels for. These Wonderful bowls you must, pay attention to the details and color balance and shading. These Bowls have flaking in the biscuit which proves they are old. The Falangcai color palette is quite beautiful. The Bowls have the Yongzheng blue four character Yuzhi mark with double squares on the base. These Yongzheng Bowls are very well done and measure approx. 6" "Dia. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This is a fine Qing Dynasty ovoid formed with long neck Vase that has a yellow ground with Green incised enameled Dragon chasing a flaming pearl in the clouds. The Vase has Flaking in the biscuit which proves it's old age. This Vase has the underglaze Qianlong seal mark on the base that line up with main decoration it is a marked and period Vase.
The Vase measures approx. 10 1/2" Tall ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This Pair of Qing Dynasty Marked and period Kangxi Falangcai Bowls have beautiful form and they used a beautiful falangcai pallet of colored enamels, the Bowls have panels with flowers, buds and peonies decorations. There is very little crazing in the enamels which many Characterise falangcai enamels for. The bowls have fine detailing and color and also have flaking in the biscuit which proves they are old. The Bowls have the blue Kangxi four character Yuzhi mark with double squares on the base. These Kangxi Bowls are very well done and measure approx. 6" Dia. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This is a fine Qing Dynasty Meiping Vase that has a yellow ground with Five Green incised enameled Dragons, three are in the clouds and two coming out of the water. The Vase has Flaking in the biscuit which proves it's old age. This Jiaqing Meiping Vase has the underglaze Jiaqing seal mark on the base that line up with main decoration it is a marked and period Vase. The Vase measures approx. 13 1/2" Tall ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This Qing Dynasty Marked and period Kangxi Falangcai Bowl has beautiful form and the falangcai pallet of colored enamels. The beautiful Rich Pink flowers and green yellow tones on the leaves and bluish on the four panels with the pinkish ground makes this wonderful bowl a very striking combination of wonderful colors you must, pay attention to the details and color balance and shading this will help you to see and understand what makes this fine Falangcai Kangxi bowl so special. This Bowl has flaking in the biscuit which proves it's old. There is very little crazing in the enamels which many Characterise falangcai enamels for, the Falangcai color palette is quite beautiful. The Bowl has the Kangxi four character yuzhi mark & period in deep pink with double squares on the base. This Kangxi Bowl is very well done and measure approx. 5 7/8" "Dia. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This is a fine yellow ground Qing Dynasty Vase that is decorated with incised Butterflies/Moths, Fruit's, and Flower's, and they are filled in with rather thick enamel colors, the rest of the Vase was done with thin enamels Vase has Beautiful globular form and very beautifully painted and very detailed. This Vase has the blue under-glaze Qianlong seal Mark on the base. The Vase has flaking in the biscuit which proves it's age and is marked and period measuring 16 3/4" Tall
(click image to enlarge)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This Qing Dynasty Marked and period Kangxi Vase, has beautiful form this Blue and White Vase Decorated with rocks peony and two magpie on a branch and has a poem on he back. Pay attention to the details and tone balance and shading this will help you to see and understand what makes a fine Kangxi blue and white. The Kangxi mark in a double circle on the base. The Vase was very well done and measures approx. 12 5/8" Tall ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This Qing Dynasty Pair of marked and period Yongzheng Bowls have beautiful form using falangcai pallet of colored enamels. The Bowls have a Beautiful pink ground with four blue panels shaped as a Chinese Character, there are bats and peaches in each blue panel, There is a peach on the inside of each bowl and on the base, it has the four character Yongzheng mark written on the peach in gold. Also pay attention to the details and color balance and shading on these bowls. The Bowls have flaking in the biscuit which proves their old. Falangcai enamels are often characterised by very fine crazing which these bowls have and Falangcai color palette is quite beautiful.
These Yongzheng Bowls measures approx. 6 1/4" Dia. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This Qing Dynasty Marked and period Qianlong Vase has beautiful Ovoid form and red ground, and is finely painted with gold branches and blooms and eight Birds done in black and white enamels. The gold painting was done using loose freestyle strokes, and the Birds feathers were done using a very fine brush. It's important to look carefully and zoom in on the details, color, and shading that gives balance and depth to this piece. Pay attention to the details and color balance and shading this will help you to see and understand what makes Imperial Qianlong porcelain. The Qianlong seal mark lines up with center of the painting which is typical of Imperial Qianlong porcelain. The Qianlong period was the pinnacle of porcelain in China. The Ovoid formed Vase was very well done
and measures approx.18 1/2 " Tall
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This Qing Dynasty Yongzheng marked and period Double gourd formed Vase. Very well potted formed with a Black Cherry Color that is strikingly beautiful. The base has four Character Yongzheng Mark and Period also has iron firing marks on the foot ring and there is flaking in the biscuit which proves it's old.
measures approx. 11 1/8 " Tall ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This Qing Dynasty marked and period Daoguang Pear formed Red Vase. Very well potted Pear formed with a Rich Red Color that is strikingly beautiful. The vase has flaking in the biscuit which proves it's old and base has the six Character Daoguang Mark it measures approx. 8 7/8 " Tall ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
Qing Dynasty Imperial Qianlong Seal Mark & Period Monochrome Egg Yolk Yellow Vase This is a beautiful slender Vase with trumpet mouth it shows iron firing marks on the foot ring and there is flaking in the biscuit which proves it's old, measures approx. 11 7/8 " Tall ppjrs
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
Qing Dynasty Imperial Kangxi Mark & Period Monochrome Lemon Yellow Bottle This is a beautiful Lemon Yellow Mallet Formed Bottle. The foot ring shows slight iron reddish marking from the firing and there is flaking in the biscuit which proves it's old. measures approx. 8 1/4 " Tall ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
Extremely Large Qing Dynasty Yongzheng mark & period Doucai Moon Flask with Dragon and Phoenix In the clouds Doucai means contrasting colors and they used the Famille Rose pallet of enamels which was uniquely rare during the Yongzheng reign. The Flask has flying fish handles and sides have Bats and scrolling peonies and flowers. The base has the Yongzheng inscribed six-character seal mark in underglaze blue also there is flaking in the biscuit which proves its age and measures approx. 22 3/4" tall ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This Qing Dynasty Pair of marked and period Yongzheng Story Bowls, they have beautiful form using falangcai pallet of colored enamels. The Bowls tell an old Chinese story, all the figures were very finely detailed and show the beautiful falangcai pallet of enamels. The bowls have the four character Yongzheng Yuzhi mark & period in a double square on the base, done with blue enamel. Also pay attention to the details and color balance and shading on these bowls. The Bowls have flaking in the biscuit which proves their old. There is very little crazing in the enamels which many Characterise falangcai enamels for and Falangcai color palette is quite beautiful.
These Yongzheng Bowls measures approx. 6 1/4" Dia. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
Qing Dynasty Yongzheng mark & period Doucai Moon Flask Flowers of the Four Seasons with blooming flowers and blossoms. Doucai means contrasting colors and they used the Fencai pallet of enamels which was typical during the Yongzheng reign. The Flask has flaking in the biscuit which proves it's old and measures approx. 12 1/2" tall ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This Qing Dynasty Marked and period Qianlong Rooster Vase, has a Ovoid form yellow ground and is finely painted with three Roosters, Butterflies, Birds, and colorful Flowering blooms. On the back it has inscribed poem with three seal marks. Most of painting was done using loose free style strokes, and parts were done with fine detail using a very fine brush. It's important to look carefully and zoom in on the details, color, and shading that gives balance and depth to this piece. Collectors must learn to recognize the differences of a good piece compared to a great pieces or masterpieces. Often Qing pieces if you look close at them you will see and understand they were painted by a less skilled artist, they will look flat without balance, detail or depth. Pay attention to the details and color balance and shading this will help you to see and understand the difference. The Qianlong seal mark lines up with center of the painting which is typical of Imperial Qianlong porcelain. The Qianlong period was the pinnacle of porcelain in China. The Ovoid form vase was very well done and there is flaking in the biscuit which proves it's old, it measures approx.17 1/2 " Tall
(click image to enlarge)
Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This Qing Dynasty Marked and period Kangxi Children Playing Bowl has beautiful form using falangcai pallet of colored enamels. The Bowl has four panels with children playing each panel has different scenes, also yellow ground with very detailed incised pattern using yellow blue and pink enamels. Also you must, pay attention to the details and color balance and shading in the panels to see this bowl took several combinations of great skill to create this masterpiece. This Bowl has flaking in the biscuit which proves it's old. Falangcai enamels are often characterised by very fine crazing which this bowl has and Falangcai color palette is quite beautiful. The Bowl has the Kangxi four character yuzhi mark & period in blue with double squares on the base.
This Kangxi Bowl measures approx. 6 "Dia. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
Qing Dynasty Yongzheng mark & period Dragon and Phoenix in the clouds Dish. Doucai means contrasting colors and they used the doucai pallet of enamels which was typical during the Yongzheng reign. The Dish has flaking in the biscuit which proves it's old and measures approx. 17 7/8" dia. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This is a wonderful unique Mark and Period Qing Dynasty Qianlong Vase, It has a Brown Glaze that has been very finely painted with Gold scrolling vines and chrysanthemums, also it has molded attached Branches, Peaches, and Mushrooms rapping around the Vase. The base has a impressed Qianlong Mark and the foot ring has flaking in the biscuit which proves it's old. The Vase measures approx. 11 5/8 " Tall
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This Qing Dynasty Marked and period Kangxi Falangcai Ruby Red Ground Bowl has beautiful form, They used a falangcai pallet of Beautiful Colored enamels Pinks and yellows on the flowers and enamel Green tones coloring the vines and leaves on a ruby red ground. This wonderful bowl you must pay attention to the details and color balance and shading. Falangcai enamels are often characterised by very fine crazing which this bowl has. This Bowl has flaking in the biscuit which proves it's old. The Falangcai color palette is quite beautiful also the Bowl has the Kangxi four character puce enamel yuzhi mark in a double square on the base. This Kangxi Bowl is extremely well done and
measures approx. 6 3/16" Dia. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This Masterpiece is a yellow ground Qing Dynasty Famille Rose Meiping Vase that is decorated brown branches with thick enamel rose colored blossoms and four highly detailed beautifully done Birds. Enlarge the photos to see the detail and control this artist had to create this vase. The back has a written poem and three seal marks. Vase has Beautiful form and very finely painted. This Vase has the blue under-glaze Qianlong Mark on the base that lines up with the main decoration which is typical on Imperial Qianlong Vases. Also has flaking in the biscuit which proves it's old. The Vase measures approx.12 3/4" Tall and it is a marked and period Vase.
(click image to enlarge)
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Joseph.Sharon@chinesemasterpieces.com
This Qing Dynasty Pair of marked and period Kangxi Bowls have beautiful form using falangcai pallet of colored enamels. The Bowls have four panels with a Chinese Character in each panel, also blue ground with Buddhist symbols scrolls and flowers using Falangcai pallet of enamels. Also pay attention to the details and color balance and shading on these bowls. The Bowls have flaking in the biscuit which proves their old. Falangcai enamels are often characterised by very fine crazing which these bowls have and Falangcai color palette is quite beautiful. The Bowls have the Kangxi four character yuzhi mark in blue with double squares on the base.
These Kangxi Bowls measures approx. 5 7/8" Dia. ppjrs
(click image to enlarge)
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Navigate Chinese Masterpieces Site Just Select Pages Below
I began my collection in the 1970s, and in the 1990s, I focused on acquiring an exceptional array of artworks from private Chinese sources. These sources faced severe persecution for possessing collections that were ancestral heirlooms, predating the Communist era. Among my holdings is the Official Commissioned Imperial Royal Ru Kiln Collection, originating from the collection of Emperor Huizong of the Northern Song Dynasty.
This collection features unique pieces that stand unparalleled in significance, as many of these forms have been previously unseen. The condition of these works is pristine; they are certified 100% authentic, with verifiable characteristics including cuprite and malachite corrosion on the fire-gilded copper bands, which took approximately 900 years to develop. This corrosion is readily observable with the naked eye, as is the crushed agate within the glaze, which can be examined with a 20x loupe. Despite the proliferation of Ru ware across the internet, numerous auction houses continue to erroneously classify these original pieces as fakes, perpetuating misinformation. It is essential to note that only Commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru wares are genuinely rare. These pieces are not widely available online, and no Royal Imperial Ru wares have ever been offered at auctions. Any skepticism about the authenticity of these wares can be dispelled by recognizing that it would be impossible for any contemporary kiln in China to replicate such masterpieces. Throughout history, the only kiln capable of producing works of this caliber was the Royal Ru Kiln during the Northern Song Dynasty under Emperor Huizong. The second commissioned wares, characterized by unglazed foot rings that were fired flat in the kiln, include the featured Cong vase, which showcases fire-gilded copper bands exhibiting the aforementioned corrosion. The authenticity of these pieces is evident in their cuprite and malachite corrosion, which is readily visible, as well as the crushed agate in the glaze, identifiable with a 20x loupe. Expertise is not a prerequisite for recognizing these facts. It is important to highlight that all second commissioned wares lack markings and possess an off-white biscuit that turns brownish upon firing. These wares are distinguished by their luxurious, smooth glaze, free from crackle, and display unique features such as fire-gilded copper bands. In my estimation, these second commissioned wares represent the finest celadon wares, and the most significant wares in China’s historical legacy. Emperor Huizong of the Northern Song Dynasty reigned from 1082 to 1135.
The following series of close-up photographs presents the Cuprite and Malachite corrosion observed on the RU WARE copper fire-gilded bands. It is important to note that fire gilding, a process involving the application of gold and mercury, has not been employed since the mid-19th century due to its associated health risks. The characteristic patina visible on these bands has developed over approximately 900 years, rendering it virtually impossible to replicate artificially (referenced from David Scott's "Copper and Bronze in Art," Chapter 3, page 106). The natural progression from metal to cuprite and subsequently to malachite is complex and challenging to reproduce in a laboratory setting. Indeed, most methodologies for generating artificial green patinas on copper alloys, such as those catalogued by Hughes and Rowe (1982), do not yield malachite formation over a cuprite substrate. As such, the identification of this specific type of corrosion, corroborated by analytical and metallographic investigations, serves as a strong indicator of an artifact's authenticity. Additionally, microscopic images reveal the presence of minute reflective particles of crushed agate incorporated into the RU WARE glaze. Such reflections can also be discerned with a 20x loupe, with further evidence available in the microscopic photographs adjacent to each artifact image. Notably, only the Imperial Ru Wares that were officially commissioned feature crushed agate in their glaze. Pieces sold by auction houses typically do not exhibit this characteristic, as agate was not utilized in merchant wares. The finest merchant wares, equipped with fire-gilded copper bands, were presented as tributes to the Emperor. Meanwhile, flawed merchant wares were sold at reduced prices to the general populace, and those with severe defects were often destroyed. During the reign of Emperor Huizong, significant efforts were made to establish the Ru Kiln as a premier production facility for his personal commissions and those of his court, effectively designating it as the Official Royal Kiln. He specifically mandated the inclusion of rare blue agate in the glazes of all commissioned wares. These official pieces are generally larger and exhibit distinctive styles, forms, and glazes, many of which remain unparalleled in contemporary collections. Archaeological findings have confirmed the location of the Ru Kiln associated with merchant wares predating Emperor Huizong's commissions; however, the site of the Official Royal Ru Kiln has yet to be located.
Following the incursion of the Jin Army into the Northern Song Dynasty, it is believed that many Imperial Royal Kiln artisans migrated southward, with approximately half joining the Imperial Guan Kilns and the other half working at the Longquan Kiln. This migration contributes to the stylistic similarities observed between the renowned second commissioned Royal Ru Kiln wares and those produced at Longquan. Notably, however, Longquan wares lack the crushed agate incorporation that characterizes the official Ru Wares.
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Formation of Fanlike Crystal Needles
Most crystals simply begin to grow using available molecules. This results in discrete crystals whose sizes depend on available material. But malachite is different. It seldom forms discrete crystals of good size. Instead, scientists say, developing malachite crystals “split”, diverging into tiny needles, packed together in a fanlike arrangement.
The fanlike malachite needles grow into tightly bonded spherules, which crowd together and bond, forming a solid mass. When the spherules stop growing and terminate, the top surface is rounded to some degree. The terms “botryoidal” (resembling a cluster of grapes) and “reniform” (kidney-shaped) are used to describe large to small undulating masses of spherules.
Author Bob Jones Holds the Carnegie Mineralogical Award, is a member of the Rockhound Hall of Fame, and has been writing for Rock & Gem since its inception. He lectures about minerals, and has written several books and video scripts.
This is a Microscopic photo of one of the Ru Ware Fire Gilded Copper Bands, shows the "Botryoidal Malachite Patina over the reddish Cuprite."This can not be Faked. (From the book Copper and bronze in art by David Scott) (chapter 3 page 106 Malachite in bronze patinas) (The natural transition of metal to cuprite to malachite is very difficult to replicate in the laboratory. In fact, most of the recipes for producing artificial green patinas on copper alloys, such as those compiled by Hughes and Rowe (1982), do not result in malachite formation over a cuprite layer. Consequently, the existence of this type of corrosion, supported by analytical and metallographic studies, is a good indication of the authenticity of an artifact.)
(Fire gilding with gold and mercury mixed together than applied and fired. The mercury metal being driven off by the fire. This type of gilding hasn't been used since the mid 1800 because it is very dangerous)
Formation of Fanlike Crystal Needles
Most crystals simply begin to grow using available molecules. This results in discrete crystals whose sizes depend on available material. But malachite is different. It seldom forms discrete crystals of good size. Instead, scientists say, developing malachite crystals “split”, diverging into tiny needles, packed together in a fanlike arrangement.
The fanlike malachite needles grow into tightly bonded spherules, which crowd together and bond, forming a solid mass. When the spherules stop growing and terminate, the top surface is rounded to some degree. The terms “botryoidal” (resembling a cluster of grapes) and “reniform” (kidney-shaped) are used to describe large to small undulating masses of spherules.
Author Bob Jones Holds the Carnegie Mineralogical Award, is a member of the Rockhound Hall of Fame, and has been writing for Rock & Gem since its inception. He lectures about minerals, and has written several books and video scripts.
Priceless Past WWW.pricelesspast.com
Link to Full Video https://youtu.be/5O-l6vY0dnc?si=FsHEJdKox0a1p0bH
Ancient Treasures: Ru Kiln Secrets Revealed!
Emperor Huizong reigned from 1100 to 1126, during which time he abdicated in favor of his son. He is renowned for his advocacy of Taoism and is celebrated for his exceptional talents in poetry, painting, calligraphy, and music. However, his Northern Song Empire ultimately succumbed to the advancing Jin armies, leading to his capture in 1127. Huizong died in captivity in 1135, having transitioned from the status of the world's wealthiest individual to that of a diminished man. After his death, his extensive collections were meticulously consolidated and preserved in large wooden crates, enduring through time.
Since China's opening in the 1990s, various historical collections have entered the marketplace. Notably, my collection of Imperial Ru ware originates from Emperor Huizong's personal assemblage. During his tenure, he commissioned the Ru Kiln to produce wares specifically for himself and his court, recognizing it as the foremost source of Imperial tribute wares. The tribute wares produced by the Ru Kiln during this era were distinguished by their remarkable quality, often devoid of defects. To further enhance their uniqueness, these wares incorporated a variety of colors and featured fire gilded bands on the rims, occasionally the bases. The gilding technique utilized gold and mercury, a method that has not been employed since the mid-1800s due to safety concerns. The intricacies of the fire gilded bands display complex corrosion patterns of cuprite and malachite, natural phenomena that are exceedingly difficult to replicate in laboratory settings. Established research underscores the challenges associated with the transformation from metal to cuprite to malachite, with most synthetic formulas failing to replicate malachite atop cuprite layers, thereby providing validation for the authenticity of such artifacts.
This innovation inspired other kilns to adopt similar techniques, incorporating fire gilded bands in their tribute wares. Prior to the Ru Kiln attaining its designation as the official Imperial kiln, its production primarily consisted of small wares that exhibited sporadic crackling and spur marks due to the firing process on stilts. Many of these pieces contained imperfections, resulting in the destruction of severely flawed items and the sale of lesser-quality wares to the public at reduced prices. Such flawed wares frequently appear in auctions conducted by Sotheby's and Christie's and are often showcased in museums housing Ru ware collections. Higher-quality pieces were sold at premium prices to affluent merchants. The finest wares were presented as tribute to Emperor Huizong, who received extravagant offerings from various kilns. Recognizing the demand for superior quality wares, Emperor Huizong designated the Ru Kiln as the first official Royal Imperial kiln in China.
His objective was to create wares that were distinctive and specifically intended for himself and his court. He sought pieces that echoed the historical celadon wares, aiming for a jade-like aesthetic reminiscent of Korean Koryo ceramics. After reviewing prototype pieces, he insisted on eliminating spur marks by firing the wares flat in the kiln with unglazed foot rings. Furthermore, he mandated the incorporation of rare blue crushed agate into the glaze, a feature unique to the official Royal Imperial wares commissioned by him. The initial commissioned wares displayed a grayish biscuit that transitioned to brown post-firing, with some pieces bearing inscriptions such as "Feng Hua." These wares featured distinctive crack ice crackles. Emphasizing size and simplicity, these pieces were larger than previous tribute wares and showcased refined forms, such as trumpet-shaped mouths. Despite occasional flaws during the firing process, these Royal Imperial wares were exclusively designated for the Emperor and his court. As the official Imperial kiln, the Ru Kiln's focus was solely on producing wares for the Emperor and his court. Huizong appreciated the intrinsic beauty of these often flawed and simplistic pieces, recognizing their individuality akin to human character.
However, some of his advisors sought more visually appealing wares. Consequently, he tasked the Ru Kiln with creating the most exquisite celadon wares ever produced in China, emphasizing elegance and luxury in design. The second series of official Royal Imperial wares manifested in various celadon hues, adorned with rich glazes that seamlessly integrated rare blue crushed agate. Unlike the initial batch, these wares were meticulously crafted and largely free from prior defects, with exquisite forms and flat-fired unglazed foot rings. Selected special wares featured gilded copper or silver bands, enhancing their opulent appearance. Importantly, all second commissioned official Royal Imperial wares lacked specific markings. It must be emphasized that wares produced prior to the Ru Kiln’s designation as the official Imperial kiln do not contain agate in their glazes. Certain auction houses and museums mistakenly claim the presence of crushed agate in these earlier wares, fabricating narratives that assert its dissipation during the firing process. This assertion is fundamentally flawed, as agate requires excessively high temperatures for melting—far exceeding the maximum temperatures reached by Song dynasty kilns. Additionally, the practical difficulties associated with crushing agate into a fine powder contribute to the clear visibility of agate traces in authentic Royal Imperial Ru wares.
I have compiled a significant collection of Ru and Ju wares, artifacts that have remained largely concealed since the decline of the Northern Song Dynasty. The Qianlong Emperor's collection predominantly comprised flawed merchant wares developed prior to the Ru Kiln's establishment as the official Royal Imperial kiln. It is only since the 20th century and the reopening of China that many fine pieces, once obscured from view, have entered the marketplace. This narrative seeks to illuminate the complexities surrounding Ru and Ju Kiln wares in the context of Emperor Huizong's reign. For many years, scholars and collectors have relied on pieces from the Qianlong Emperor's collection; while aesthetically appealing, they do not accurately represent the authentic Royal Imperial Ru and Ju wares commissioned by Huizong for himself and his court.
In the aftermath of the Jin Army's incursion into the Northern Song Dynasty, workers from the Imperial Royal Kiln sought refuge in the southern region, with many likely contributing their skills to the Imperial Guan Kilns, while others joined the Longquan Kiln. Notably, this lineage accounts for the visual similarities observed between certain Longquan pieces and the second commissioned Royal Ru Kiln wares, although the Longquan products lack the characteristic crushed agate present in the latter's glazes.
Please examine all the information, photos, microscopic photos, that prove my conclusion.
The first commissioned Royal Imperial Ru ware is thoroughly documented in historical texts, which indicate that Emperor Huizong instructed the Ru/ Ju Kiln to produce celadon wares characterized by modesty, understated elegance, and a deliberate simplicity that evokes a sense of antiquity. Notably, these initial commissioned Royal Imperial wares incorporated Rare Blue Crushed Agate into the glaze formulation. This can be discerned through the use of a 20x loupe, and microscopic photographs reveal the distinctive specks of agate found in each piece. The use of crushed agate is exclusive to the Official Royal Imperial Ru wares developed under Emperor Huizong's patronage. These early commissioned wares exhibit a variety of unique forms previously unseen, showcasing the remarkable skill and artistry of the Ru kiln artisans. The foot rings of all first official Ru wares remain unglazed. Additionally, each piece features a fine, cracked ice crackle in the glaze, with interior glazing also present. Many of these wares have marks inscribed on the bases, often inscribed with "feng hua," and the vases typically feature trumpet-shaped mouths, distinguished by their larger dimensions compared to merchant and tribute wares. The first commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru wares are crafted from an ash-colored biscuit that transforms to brown upon firing. Furthermore, each piece exhibits the signature fine cracked ice crackle in the glaze, maintaining consistent interior glazing. Exclusively produced for the Emperor and his court, these wares reflect Emperor Huizong's appreciation for beauty in simplicity. He regarded each piece as an artwork, embracing any imperfections, which ultimately remained within the court as evidentiary fulfillment of his vision. An illustrative close-up of a first commissioned Official Royal Imperial Ru vase depicts a droplet of glaze adhering to the foot ring, highlighting chips of Rare Blue Agate within the glaze. The accompanying ancient writings affirm the historical significance of these pieces as the legendary Official Royal Imperial wares commissioned by Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty. ppjrs
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Tribute wares are typically small artifacts characterized by their fire gilded copper bands, which exhibit corrosion patterns of cuprite and malachite. These distinctive features serve as reliable indicators of their age, often considered more authentic than thermoluminescence (TL) tests, earning the trust of experts in the field for authenticity verification. The production of tribute wares involves a glazing process that encompasses the entire surface. Notably, the pieces are fired on setters equipped with prongs to elevate the items above the kiln floor, resulting in spur marks on the base that are approximately the size and shape of sesame seeds. The glaze on tribute wares is smooth and showcases no inclusion of crushed agate in the glaze. It is important to note that the presence of crushed blue agate in the glaze is exclusive to Commissioned Official Royal Imperial wares. Typically, tribute wares feature either an off-white or ash-colored biscuit, representing the finest quality merchant wares that were adorned with fire gilded copper bands and presented as tribute to Emperor Huizong. ppjrs
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Sotheby's sold these two Flawed Northern Song Dynasty Ru Ware brush washers in Hong Kong. Now Christie's has sold a flawed Ru Ware Tea Bowl in Hong Kong. They should return the money
The Ru Kiln was commissioned to produce the exquisite second series of official Royal Imperial Celadon wares for Emperor Huizong and his court, these wares are characterized by their elegance, luxury, and aesthetic beauty, surpassing both merchant and tribute wares in refinement and size, while consistently showcasing a distinctive celadon hues. Notably, all pieces from this second series are infused with rare crushed blue agate within their glaze, an element observable through a 20x loupe, as evident in the microscopic photographs accompanying each piece. The use of crushed blue agate is exclusive to the Official Imperial Ru wares developed during Emperor Huizong’s reign. Furthermore, these second commissioned Royal Imperial wares exhibit a variety of unique forms that underscore the exceptional craftsmanship of the Ru kiln. The foot rings of these wares are unglazed and were intentionally fired flat within the kiln. Two vases feature fire gilding over copper bands exhibiting corrosion from cuprite and malachite, which serves as a reliable indicator of the artifact's age, more credible than thermoluminescence (TL) tests and widely acknowledged by experts to verify authenticity—an attribute that is impossible to replicate. It is important to note that all second commissioned Royal Imperial wares are unmarked. They possess an off-white biscuit that transitions to a brownish tone post-firing. The wares exhibit a rich, smooth glaze with no crackling, while some pieces feature fire gilding over copper bands, and those without bands likewise maintain a flawless glaze. The vase displayed, adorned with a gilded silver band, show minimal crackling, restricted to a few fine lines. The gilded silver band, exhibiting a darker celadon glaze enhanced with rare blue crushed agate, is clearly visible under magnification. The fire gilding on silver bands have pores in the gild, allowing tarnish to seep through the pores, resulting in pronounced black corrosion on the bands. ppjrs
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Three Ru Kiln pieces displayed are examples of Merchant wares. Previously, the only known specimens of such wares were those collected by the Qianlong Emperor during the Qing Dynasty. However, following China's integration into the global market, numerous exquisite pieces and collections that had been concealed have now become accessible. Merchant wares are typically smaller than Commissioned Royal Imperial wares and exhibit a complete glazing, including the foot ring. These items were fired using setters equipped with prongs, which elevated the pieces above the kiln floor. Consequently, they display spur marks that are approximately the size and shape of sesame seeds—distinctive traits that are exclusive to merchant and tribute wares. It is important to note that merchant wares lack the refinement of tribute wares, as the most exquisite examples were adorned with fire-gilded copper bands and presented to Emperor Huizong as tribute. ppjrs
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